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As of 2013, about 3,106 living and fossil termite species have been recognised, categorized in 12 households. The infraorder Isoptera is split into the following clade and family groups, showing the subfamilies in their respective classification:26

Termites are found on all continents except Antarctica. The diversity of termite species is low in North America and Europe (10 species known in Europe and 50 in North America), but is high in South America, in which over 400 species are known.34 Of the 3,000 termite species currently classified, 1,000 are found in Africa, where mounds are really abundant in certain regions.

Within China, termite species have been restricted to moderate tropical and subtropical habitats south of the Yangtze River.34 In Australia, all environmental groups of termites (dampwood, drywood, subterranean) are endemic to the country, with over 360 classified species.34.

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Due to their soft cuticles, termites do not inhabit cold or cool habitats.36 There are three environmental forms of termites: dampwood, drywood and subterranean. Dampwood termites are found only in coniferous forests, and drywood termites are found in hardwood forests; subterranean termites live in widely diverse regions.34 One species in the drywood category is that the West Indian drywood termite (Cryptotermes brevis), which is an invasive species in Australia.37.

Termites are usually modest, measuring between 4 to 15 millimetres (0.16 to 0.59 in) in length.34 The biggest of extant termites would be the queens of the species Macrotermes bellicosus, measuring up to over 10 centimetres (4 in) in length.38 Another giant termite, the extinct Gyatermes styriensis, flourished in Austria during the Miocene and had a wingspan of 76 millimetres (3.0 in) and a body length of 25 millimetres (0.98 in).39note 1.

Most worker and soldier termites are blind as they do not own a pair of eyes. But some species, like Hodotermes mossambicus, haveCompound eyes which they utilize for orientation and also to distinguish sunlight from moonlight.40 The alates (winged males and females) have eyes along with lateral ocelli.

Termite antennae have a number of functions like the sensing of touch, taste, odours (including pheromones), heat and vibration. The three primary segments of a termite antenna include a scape, a pedicel (typically link shorter than the scape), and the flagellum (all segments beyond the scape and pedicel). The mouth parts contain a maxillae, a labium, and a pair of mandibles.

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Consistent with all insects, the anatomy of this termite thorax consists of three segments: the prothorax, the mesothorax and the metathorax. Each segment contains a pair of legs. On alates, the wings are at the mesothorax and metathorax. Even the mesothorax and metathorax have well-developed exoskeletal plates; the prothorax has smaller plates. .

Termites have a ten-segmented abdomen with 2 plates, the tergites and the sternites. The tenth abdominal segment has a pair of short cerci.45 You can find ten tergites, of which nine are wide and one is elongated. The reproductive organs are much like those in cockroaches but are somewhat more simplified. For instance, the intromittent organ is not present in male alates, and the sperm is immotile or aflagellate.

Unlike in other termites, Mastotermitidae females possess an ovipositor, a feature strikingly like that in female cockroaches.48.

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The non-reproductive castes of termites are wingless and rely exclusively on their six legs for locomotion. The alates fly only to get a more short amount of time, so that they also rely on their legs. The appearance of the legs is similar in each and every caste, but the soldiers have bigger and thicker legs.

The number of tibial spurs on an individual's leg varies. Some species of termite have an arolium, found between the claws, which is present in species which scale on smooth surfaces but is absent in most termites.49.

Unlike in ants, the hind-wings and fore-wings are of equivalent length.2 Most of the time, the alates are poor stocks; their technique is to launch themselves in the atmosphere and fly in a random direction. Studies show that in comparison to larger termites, smaller vases cannot fly long distances. When a termite is in flight, its wings remain at a ideal angle, and when the termite is at rest, its wings remain parallel to the body.51.

Caste method of termites A King B Queen C Secondary queen D Tertiary queen E Infection F Worker

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Worker termites undertake the most labour within the colony, being responsible for foraging, food storage, and brood and nest maintenance.53 Employees are tasked with the digestion of cellulose in food and are consequently the most likely caste to be found in infested timber. The procedure for worker termites feeding other nestmates is popularly known as trophallaxis.